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National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior

List of Ozone Sensitive Species


Date Received:	10/30/2019
Data Source:	Bell MD and Others. 2020. Ozone sensitive plant species on National Park Service lands. Natural Resource Report. NPS/WASO/NRR—2020/2062. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado. IRMA Data Store: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2271702
Description:	This is a list of plant species found within National Park boundaries that are known to have a negative response to high ozone exposure. Ground-level ozone can cause visible leaf injury (e.g. bleaching or dark stippling), growth and yield reductions, and altered sensitivity to stressors (e.g. pests, diseases, or drought). Ozone sensitive species typically exhibit foliar injury at or near ambient ozone concentrations in fumigation chambers and/or are species for which ozone foliar injury symptoms in the field have been documented by more than one expert observer. Biological Indicators are a subset of ozone sensitive species in which leaf damage from ambient ozone concentrations can be easily recognized as ozone injury by subject matter experts. Biological indicators are widely distributed regionally and are easily identified in the field. Additionally, the ozone sensitivity of these species has been confirmed at realistic ozone concentrations under controlled laboratory conditions.


Scientific Name	Common Name	Ozone Sensitive	Biological Indicator
Acer pseudoplatanus	sycamore maple	Yes	No
Acer saccharinum	silver maple	Yes	No
Achillea millefolium	common yarrow	Yes	No
Aesculus flava	yellow buckeye	Yes	No
Ageratina altissima	white snakeroot	Yes	Yes
Ageratina altissima var. altissima	white snakeroot	Yes	Yes
Ailanthus altissima	Tree of Heaven	Yes	Yes
Alnus incana	gray alder	Yes	No
Alnus incana ssp. incana	gray alder	Yes	No
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa	speckled alder	Yes	Yes
Alnus rubra	red alder	Yes	Yes
Amelanchier alnifolia	saskatoon serviceberry	Yes	No
Apios americana	American Groundnut	Yes	Yes
Apocynum androsaemifolium	spreading dogbane	Yes	Yes
Apocynum cannabinum	Indian hemp	Yes	No
Aralia nudicaulis	wild sarsaparilla	Yes	No
Artemisia douglasiana	Douglas’ sagewort	Yes	Yes
Artemisia ludoviciana	white sagebrush	Yes	Yes
Asclepias exaltata	poke milkweed	Yes	Yes
Asclepias incarnata	swamp milkweed	Yes	No
Asclepias syriaca	broadleaf milkweed	Yes	Yes
Betula pendula	European white birch	Yes	No
Betula pubescens	downy birch	Yes	No
Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens	downy birch	Yes	No
Campsis radicans	common trumpetcreeper	Yes	Yes
Catalpa speciosa	northern catalpa	Yes	No
Centaurea nigra	lesser knapweed	Yes	No
Centaurea scabiosa	greater knapweed	Yes	No
Cephalanthus occidentalis	buttonbush	Yes	No
Ceratonia siliqua	St. John's bread	Yes	No
Cercis canadensis	eastern redbud	Yes	Yes
Clematis virginiana	virgin's bower	Yes	No
Clematis vitalba	old-man's-beard	Yes	No
Colutea arborescens	bladder senna	Yes	Yes
Cornus florida	flowering dogwood	Yes	No
Corylus americana	American hazelnut	Yes	Yes
Corylus cornuta	beaked hazelnut	Yes	Yes
Corylus cornuta ssp. cornuta	beaked hazelnut	Yes	Yes
Crataegus monogyna	oneseed hawthorn	Yes	No
Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna	oneseed hawthorn	Yes	Yes
Eupatorium perfoliatum	common boneset	Yes	No
Eurybia macrophylla	bigleaf aster	Yes	Yes
Fraxinus americana	white ash	Yes	Yes
Fraxinus excelsior	European ash	Yes	No
Fraxinus pennsylvanica	green ash	Yes	No
Gaylussacia baccata	black huckleberry	Yes	Yes
Helianthus hirsutus	hairy sunflower	Yes	No
Humulus lupulus	common hop	Yes	No
Krigia montana	mountain dwarf dandelion	Yes	No
Liquidambar styraciflua	sweetgum	Yes	No
Liriodendron tulipifera	tulip poplar	Yes	Yes
Lonicera involucrata	twinberry honeysuckle	Yes	No
Lonicera involucrata var. involucrata	twinberry honeysuckle	Yes	No
Lyonia ligustrina	maleberry	Yes	Yes
Lyonia ligustrina var. ligustrina	maleberry	Yes	Yes
Morus nigra	black mulberry	Yes	No
Oclemena acuminata	whorled wood aster	Yes	Yes
Oenothera elata	Hooker's evening-primrose	Yes	Yes
Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri	Hooker's evening primrose	Yes	Yes
Osmorhiza brachypoda	California sweet-cicely	Yes	No
Osmorhiza claytonii	hairy sweet-cicely	Yes	No
Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Virginia creeper	Yes	No
Philadelphus coronarius	sweet mock orange	Yes	No
Physocarpus capitatus	Pacific ninebark	Yes	Yes
Physocarpus malvaceus	mallow ninebark	Yes	Yes
Pinus banksiana	black pine	Yes	No
Pinus jeffreyi	Jeffrey pine	Yes	Yes
Pinus ponderosa	ponderosa pine	Yes	Yes
Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa	ponderosa pine	Yes	Yes
Pinus pungens	hickory pine	Yes	No
Pinus radiata	Monterey pine	Yes	No
Pinus rigida	pitch pine	Yes	No
Pinus taeda	loblolly pine	Yes	No
Pinus virginiana	Virginia pine	Yes	No
Platanus occidentalis	American sycamore	Yes	Yes
Populus nigra	black cottonwood	Yes	No
Populus tremuloides	quaking aspen	Yes	Yes
Prunus americana	American plum	Yes	No
Prunus avium	sweet cherry	Yes	No
Prunus pensylvanica	pin cherry	Yes	Yes
Prunus serotina	black cherry	Yes	Yes
Prunus serotina var. serotina	black cherry	Yes	Yes
Prunus virginiana	common chokecherry	Yes	No
Prunus virginiana var. virginiana	chokecherry	Yes	No
Quercus kelloggii	California black oak	Yes	No
Rhamnus cathartica	European buckthorn	Yes	No
Rhus aromatica	fragrant sumac	Yes	Yes
Rhus aromatica var. aromatica	fragrant sumac	Yes	Yes
Rhus copallinum	dwarf sumac	Yes	No
Rhus copallinum var. copallinum	winged sumac	Yes	No
Robinia pseudoacacia	black locust	Yes	No
Rubus allegheniensis	common blackberry	Yes	Yes
Rubus canadensis	smooth blackberry	Yes	Yes
Rubus cuneifolius	sand blackberry	Yes	No
Rubus parviflorus	western thimbleberry	Yes	No
Rudbeckia laciniata	cut-leaf coneflower	Yes	Yes
Rudbeckia laciniata var. ampla	cut-leaf coneflower	Yes	Yes
Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata	cut-leaf coneflower	Yes	Yes
Rudbeckia laciniata var. humilis	cut-leaf coneflower	Yes	Yes
Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata	cut-leaf coneflower	Yes	Yes
Rumex acetosa	garden sorrel	Yes	No
Salix alba	golden willow	Yes	No
Salix discolor	pussy willow	Yes	No
Salix exigua	desert willow	Yes	No
Salix exigua var. exigua	coyote willow	Yes	No
Salix gooddingii	Goodding’s willow	Yes	No
Salix lucida	shining willow	Yes	No
Salix nigra	black willow	Yes	No
Salix purpurea	purple willow	Yes	No
Salix scouleriana	Scouler’s willow	Yes	Yes
Salix sericea	silky willow	Yes	No
Salix viminalis	basket willow	Yes	No
Salix x cotteti	willow	Yes	No
Sambucus ebulus	dwarf elder	Yes	No
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis	blue elderberry	Yes	Yes
Sambucus racemosa	red elderberry	Yes	Yes
Sambucus racemosa ssp. racemosa	red elderberry	Yes	Yes
Sassafras albidum	sassafras	Yes	Yes
Silphium perfoliatum	cup plant	Yes	No
Solidago altissima	Canada goldenrod	Yes	No
Solidago altissima ssp. altissima	Canada goldenrod	Yes	No
Sorbus aucuparia	rowan	Yes	No
Spartina alterniflora	smooth cordgrass	Yes	No
Symphoricarpos albus	common snowberry	Yes	Yes
Symphoricarpos albus var. albus	common snowberry	Yes	Yes
Teucrium scorodonia	woodland germander	Yes	No
Tilia cordata	littleleaf linden	Yes	No
Tilia platyphyllos	largeleaf linden	Yes	No
Triadica sebifera	tallowtree	Yes	Yes
Ulmus procera	English elm	Yes	No
Vaccinium membranaceum	thinleaf huckleberry	Yes	Yes
Verbesina occidentalis	yellow crownbeard	Yes	Yes
Vernonia noveboracensis	New York ironweed	Yes	No
Viburnum lantana	wayfaring tree	Yes	No
Viburnum lentago	nannyberry	Yes	No
Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides	with-rod	Yes	Yes
Viburnum opulus	European cranberrybush	Yes	No
Viburnum opulus var. opulus	European cranberrybush	Yes	Yes
Vitis labrusca	fox grape	Yes	Yes
Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris	wild grape	Yes	Yes
Report Species Count: 140

NPSpecies - The National Park Service biodiversity database. IRMA Portal version. https://irma.nps.gov/npspecies. Accessed 9/24/2025 5:05:28 PM

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