NPSpecies

Data Source: Gleason & Cronquist, 1991 Legacy NPSpecies information may no longer be applicable, please remove if it is not applicable. In legacy NPSpecies Weedy value was Yes with comment: according to reference NPBIB-132232 In legacy NPSpecies Pest value was Yes with comment: see comments

Data Source: Gounaris, 2000

Park Species Detail: Gounaris, 2000: Highly invasive, covering a relatively high percentage of the park. It is unrealistic to expect complete eradication of these species. Areas of critical habitats should be kept free of invasive exotics. (see reference for further discussion.) Yorktown: areas of low plant density were found within -6 acres of roadside, eight of which extend into forest and field edges. along the periphery of one additional field. Jamestown: Three populations were found within -I acre of roadside Colonial Parkway: Found scattered within -51 acres of parkway corridor Neck of Land: Two small populations were found in a forest opening and along old route 31 Green Spring: One large population was found adjacent to a field and two concentrations were found within -I acre of roadside./, Park Species Data Source: Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc., 1996-Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit;Loetterle, 1970-Jamestown Unit /Jamestown Island;Ingram, 1998-Jamestown Unit/Green Spring ;Gounaris, 2000 -Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit