NPSpecies

Data Source: Vascular Plant Checklist for Great Smoky Mountains NP Prepared on June 21, 2004 by Janet Rock

The Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025 Edition) classifies this species as maybe exotic in eastern TN and western NC but also notes that "the original distribution is somewhat uncertain."

Abundance = Historic-documented in Park’s flora, but not seen for at least 50 years; Data Source: Vascular Plant Checklist for Great Smoky Mountains NP Prepared on June 21, 2004 by Janet Rock

12/15/25 TE: Updated from "Not in Park - Historic" to "Present" based on recent specimens and reports from GRISLD of this species spreading. Also, updated nativity from 'Non-native' to 'Unknown', as both Weakley 2024 and TN flora committee say naitivity is uncertain, especially for more natural populations. Park Species Detail: RangeCode = lo; Range = Low elevations-850ft.-2,500ft. ATBI Sensitivity = Public, Park Species Data Source: White et.al. 1982-98