NPSpecies

Data Source: Brad Ross, Herpetofauna taxa expert, 9/11/2006.

Data Source: Brad Ross, Herpetofauna taxa expert, 9/11/2006.

Data Source: Brad Ross, Herpetofauna taxa expert, 9/11/2006.

Park Species Detail: Although not encountered in this study or any other study, VAFO contains an abundance of its preferred forested habitat and is well within the current geographic range of this species. Because this animal spends much of its life underground and is seldom found in the open, detection of this reptile can be very difficult. Accordingly, it is possible that this unobtrusive snake is currently a resident of the park, but escaping detection--Tiebout, 2003. NPBIB-552045., Park Species Data Source: Tiebout, 2003. NPBIB-552045., Accepted Detail: The following sources were used to certify this species record: (1) Hulse, A. C., C. J. McCoy, and E. J. Censky. 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of Pennsylvania and the northeast. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY. (2) Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1998. Reptiles and amphibians eastern/central North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, MA. (3) Petranka, J. W. 1998. Salamanders ot the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC. (4) Integrated Taxonomic Information System Database. September 2006. http://www.itis.usda.gov/.