NPSpecies

Data Source: Hazlett 1991; Emmet Judziewicz species list review, 2003.

Determining nativity of any given population in Michigan is futile, with tetraploid cultivars, etc.; Data Source: Voss 1996

Frequent in old fields and roadsides (Hazlett 1991). Found in 1 vegetation sampling plot (Pavlovic et al. 2001).; Data Source: Hazlett 1991; Pavlovic et al. 2001

Park Species Detail: Recorded on Mainland, South Manitou Island, and North Manitou Island., Park Species Data Source: Hazlett, B. T. 1991. Flora of Sleeping Bear Dunes Nat'l. Lakeshore, Benzie and Leelanau Counties, Michigan. Mich. Bot. 30:139-200. Voss, E. G. 1996. Michigan Flora, Vol. III. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. & Univ. of Mich. Herb. Ann Arbor, MI. Judziewicz, Emmet J. 2003. Review of vascular plant species lists for nine Midwestern National Parks, Monuments, Lakeshores and Riverways: A final report. UW-Stevens Point. Stevens Point, WI. Pavlovic et al. 2001. Interim report: survey and ranking of non-indigenous, invasive plants for 4 nat'l. lakeshores: 1998-2000. USGS. Porter, IN.