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Scientific Name
Molothrus ater
Scientific Name w/ Auth.
Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)
Park
Canyonlands National Park (CANY)
Sensitive
No
Park Accepted
Accepted
Record Status
Approved
Park Preferred Common Names
Brown-headed Cowbird
Park Synonyms
Taxonomic Hierarchy
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Subkingdom | Bilateria |
| Infrakingdom | Deuterostomia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Infraphylum | Gnathostomata |
| Superclass | Tetrapoda |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Icteridae |
| Genus | Molothrus |
| Species | Molothrus ater |
Occurrence
Present
Occurrence Notes
The Southeast Utah Group riparian birds database lists a total of 83 sightings of this species from all three CANY monitoring sites over the period from 1993-2005.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Nativeness
Native
Nativeness Notes
Data Source: Sibley 2000, Bibkey #388608
Abundance
Common
Abundance Notes
Fagan defines this as a ‘Fairly Common’ species: usually present in moderate numbers.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Seasonality Tags
-
Breeder
per Fagan, this species is a Summer Resident: species observed in region generally in breeding season only; may or may not breed in the area. He also notes that there is a documented breeding record for the park. The Southeast Utah Group riparian birds database holds 3 breeding observations (1 direct, 2 indirect forms of evidence) for this species from two of three CANY monitoring sites over the period from 1993-2005.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Threatened Endangered Status
State Species of Concern statuses
Ozone Sensitive Status
NatureServe GRank
NatureServe SRank
Observations
0
References
Vouchers
0
External Links
0
Evidence counts shown include evidence for related synonyms.
Created By
eln/NCPN I&M
Created Date
7/31/2000 12:00:00 AM
Last Modified By
eln/NCPN I&M
Last Modified Date
5/15/2006 12:00:00 AM
Notes
Park Species Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
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Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL)
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO)
Amistad National Recreation Area (AMIS)
Anacostia Park (ANAC)
Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI)
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (APCO)
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS)
Arches National Park (ARCH)
Arkansas Post National Memorial (ARPO)
Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS)
Aztec Ruins National Monument (AZRU)
Badlands National Park (BADL)
Bandelier National Monument (BAND)
Baltimore-Washington National Parkway (BAWA)
Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BOHA)
Bluestone National Scenic River (BLUE)
Blue Ridge Parkway (BLRI)
Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO)
Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY)
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE)
Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA)
Buffalo National River (BUFF)
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO)
Booker T. Washington National Monument (BOWA)
Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL)
Castillo De San Marcos National Monument (CASA)
Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH)
Big Hole National Battlefield (BIHO)
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA)
Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC)
Canaveral National Seashore (CANA)
Biscayne National Park (BISC)
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT)
Cabrillo National Monument (CABR)
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (CARL)
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (CHCH)
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA)
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CHCU)
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA)
Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO)
Capitol Reef National Park (CARE)
Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO)
Canyon De Chelly National Monument (CACH)
Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO)
Big Bend National Park (BIBE)
Fort Sumter National Monument (FOSU)
Glacier National Park (GLAC)
Crater Lake National Park (CRLA)
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL)
Colorado National Monument (COLM)
Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU)
Congaree National Park (CONG)
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO)
Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS)
Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA)
Devils Tower National Monument (DETO)
Gettysburg National Military Park (GETT)
Gauley River National Recreation Area (GARI)
Coronado National Memorial (CORO)
Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO)
Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR)
Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO)
Fort Necessity National Battlefield (FONE)
Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (ELRO)
Everglades National Park (EVER)
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO)
Cowpens National Battlefield (COWP)
Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO)
Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA)
Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP)
Fossil Butte National Monument (FOBU)
Channel Islands National Park (CHIS)
Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (EUON)
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA)
Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE)
Great Basin National Park (GRBA)
Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR)
Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA)
El Morro National Monument (ELMO)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Memorial (FRDE)
Fort Union National Monument (FOUN)
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (FRDO)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH)
Friendship Hill National Historic Site (FRHI)
Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS)
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park (FRSP)
Fort Washington Park (FOWA)
Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GOGA)
Fort Circle Parks (FOCI)
Fort Davis National Historic Site (FODA)
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA)
Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA)
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO)
Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (CUGA)
Eisenhower National Historic Site (EISE)
Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA)
Fort Donelson National Battlefield (FODO)
Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO)
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA)
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (GEWA)
El Malpais National Monument (ELMA)
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA)
City Of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO)
Fort Caroline National Memorial (FOCA)
Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS)
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (FOUS)
Death Valley National Park (DEVA)
Dinosaur National Monument (DINO)
First State National Historical Park (FRST)
Lassen Volcanic National Park (LAVO)
Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial (THIS)
Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (HAFO)
Olympic National Park (OLYM)
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO)
Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR)
Saguaro National Park (SAGU)
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens (KEPA)
New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (NERI)
National Capital Parks-East (NACE)
Shenandoah National Park (SHEN)
Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ)
Obed Wild and Scenic River (OBRI)
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site (VAMA)
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Run (OXHI)
Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (SAHI)
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park (MABI)
Parashant National Monument (PARA)
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO)
Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park (SAGA)
Pinnacles National Park (PINN)
Mount Rainier National Park (MORA)
Lava Beds National Monument (LABE)
Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA)
Oxon Run National Parkway (OXRU)
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO)
Great Falls Park (GRFA)
Grand Teton National Park (GRTE)
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (HOCU)
Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park (PAAL)
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO)
Navajo National Monument (NAVA)
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU)
Johnstown Flood National Memorial (JOFL)
Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU)
Nez Perce National Historical Park (NEPE)
Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument (SAPU)
Isle Royale National Park (ISRO)
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE)
Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO)
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)
Presidio of San Francisco (PRSF)
Pecos National Historical Park (PECO)
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR)
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SAMO)
Suitland Parkway (SUIT)
Tumacacori National Historical Park (TUMA)
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument (SUCR)
Sitka National Historical Park (SITK)
Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE)
Indiana Dunes National Park (INDU)
Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE)
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE)
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)
Greenbelt Park (GREE)
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (GUCO)
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (KLGO)
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (GRKO)
Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE)
Valley Forge National Historical Park (VAFO)
Petersburg National Battlefield (PETE)
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument (LIBI)
Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE)
San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH)
Moores Creek National Battlefield (MOCR)
Little River Canyon National Preserve (LIRI)
Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL)
Shiloh National Military Park (SHIL)
Grand Portage National Monument (GRPO)
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR)
Minute Man National Historical Park (MIMA)
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (HUTR)
Piscataway Park (PISC)
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George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA)
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Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS)
Niobrara National Scenic River (NIOB)
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Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI)
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU)
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR)
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GRSA)
Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR)
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO)
Mojave National Preserve (MOJA)
Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI)
Harmony Hall (HAHA)
Pipe Spring National Monument (PISP)
Redwood National Park (REDW)
Petroglyph National Monument (PETR)
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Richmond National Battlefield Park (RICH)
Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI)
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (SAAN)
Hot Springs National Park (HOSP)
Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO)
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA)
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR)
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (MAVA)
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO)
Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (JELA)
Jewel Cave National Monument (JECA)
Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO)
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (HOFU)
Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (HOFR)
Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR)
National Capital Parks (NACA)
Homestead National Historical Park (HOME)
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI)
Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS)
Tonto National Monument (TONT)
Prince William Forest Park (PRWI)
North Cascades National Park (NOCA)
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE)
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM)
Mississippi National River and Recreation Areas (MISS)
Stones River National Battlefield (STRI)
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area (LARO)
Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO)
Pipestone National Monument (PIPE)
Manassas National Battlefield Park (MANA)
National Mall and Memorial Parks (NAMA)
Valles Caldera National Preserve (VALL)
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument (KAWW)
Yellowstone National Park (YELL)
Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR)
Wind Cave National Park (WICA)
Wupatki National Monument (WUPA)
Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (WICR)
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK)
Whitman Mission National Historic Site (WHMI)
Voyageurs National Park (VOYA)
Yosemite National Park (YOSE)
Yucca House National Monument (YUHO)
Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WHIS)
White Sands National Park (WHSA)
Zion National Park (ZION)
Acadia National Park (ACAD)
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument (AGFO)
Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL)
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO)
Amistad National Recreation Area (AMIS)
Anacostia Park (ANAC)
Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI)
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (APCO)
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS)
Arches National Park (ARCH)
Arkansas Post National Memorial (ARPO)
Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS)
Aztec Ruins National Monument (AZRU)
Badlands National Park (BADL)
Bandelier National Monument (BAND)
Baltimore-Washington National Parkway (BAWA)
Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BOHA)
Bluestone National Scenic River (BLUE)
Blue Ridge Parkway (BLRI)
Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO)
Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY)
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE)
Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA)
Buffalo National River (BUFF)
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO)
Booker T. Washington National Monument (BOWA)
Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL)
Castillo De San Marcos National Monument (CASA)
Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH)
Big Hole National Battlefield (BIHO)
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA)
Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC)
Canaveral National Seashore (CANA)
Biscayne National Park (BISC)
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT)
Cabrillo National Monument (CABR)
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (CARL)
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (CHCH)
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA)
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CHCU)
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA)
Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO)
Capitol Reef National Park (CARE)
Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO)
Canyon De Chelly National Monument (CACH)
Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO)
Big Bend National Park (BIBE)
Fort Sumter National Monument (FOSU)
Glacier National Park (GLAC)
Crater Lake National Park (CRLA)
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL)
Colorado National Monument (COLM)
Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU)
Congaree National Park (CONG)
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO)
Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS)
Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA)
Devils Tower National Monument (DETO)
Gettysburg National Military Park (GETT)
Gauley River National Recreation Area (GARI)
Coronado National Memorial (CORO)
Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO)
Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR)
Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO)
Fort Necessity National Battlefield (FONE)
Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (ELRO)
Everglades National Park (EVER)
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO)
Cowpens National Battlefield (COWP)
Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO)
Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA)
Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP)
Fossil Butte National Monument (FOBU)
Channel Islands National Park (CHIS)
Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (EUON)
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA)
Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE)
Great Basin National Park (GRBA)
Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR)
Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA)
El Morro National Monument (ELMO)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Memorial (FRDE)
Fort Union National Monument (FOUN)
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (FRDO)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH)
Friendship Hill National Historic Site (FRHI)
Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS)
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park (FRSP)
Fort Washington Park (FOWA)
Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GOGA)
Fort Circle Parks (FOCI)
Fort Davis National Historic Site (FODA)
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA)
Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA)
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO)
Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (CUGA)
Eisenhower National Historic Site (EISE)
Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA)
Fort Donelson National Battlefield (FODO)
Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO)
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA)
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (GEWA)
El Malpais National Monument (ELMA)
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA)
City Of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO)
Fort Caroline National Memorial (FOCA)
Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS)
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (FOUS)
Death Valley National Park (DEVA)
Dinosaur National Monument (DINO)
First State National Historical Park (FRST)
Lassen Volcanic National Park (LAVO)
Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial (THIS)
Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (HAFO)
Olympic National Park (OLYM)
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO)
Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR)
Saguaro National Park (SAGU)
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens (KEPA)
New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (NERI)
National Capital Parks-East (NACE)
Shenandoah National Park (SHEN)
Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ)
Obed Wild and Scenic River (OBRI)
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site (VAMA)
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Run (OXHI)
Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (SAHI)
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park (MABI)
Parashant National Monument (PARA)
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO)
Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park (SAGA)
Pinnacles National Park (PINN)
Mount Rainier National Park (MORA)
Lava Beds National Monument (LABE)
Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA)
Oxon Run National Parkway (OXRU)
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO)
Great Falls Park (GRFA)
Grand Teton National Park (GRTE)
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (HOCU)
Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park (PAAL)
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO)
Navajo National Monument (NAVA)
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU)
Johnstown Flood National Memorial (JOFL)
Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU)
Nez Perce National Historical Park (NEPE)
Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument (SAPU)
Isle Royale National Park (ISRO)
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE)
Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO)
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)
Presidio of San Francisco (PRSF)
Pecos National Historical Park (PECO)
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR)
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SAMO)
Suitland Parkway (SUIT)
Tumacacori National Historical Park (TUMA)
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument (SUCR)
Sitka National Historical Park (SITK)
Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE)
Indiana Dunes National Park (INDU)
Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE)
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE)
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)
Greenbelt Park (GREE)
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (GUCO)
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (KLGO)
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (GRKO)
Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE)
Valley Forge National Historical Park (VAFO)
Petersburg National Battlefield (PETE)
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument (LIBI)
Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE)
San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH)
Moores Creek National Battlefield (MOCR)
Little River Canyon National Preserve (LIRI)
Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL)
Shiloh National Military Park (SHIL)
Grand Portage National Monument (GRPO)
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR)
Minute Man National Historical Park (MIMA)
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (HUTR)
Piscataway Park (PISC)
Rock Creek Park (ROCR)
George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA)
Ninety Six National Historic Site (NISI)
Thomas Stone National Historic Site (THST)
George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP)
Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS)
Niobrara National Scenic River (NIOB)
Russell Cave National Monument (RUCA)
Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI)
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU)
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR)
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GRSA)
Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR)
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO)
Mojave National Preserve (MOJA)
Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI)
Harmony Hall (HAHA)
Pipe Spring National Monument (PISP)
Redwood National Park (REDW)
Petroglyph National Monument (PETR)
Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA)
Richmond National Battlefield Park (RICH)
Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI)
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (SAAN)
Hot Springs National Park (HOSP)
Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO)
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA)
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR)
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (MAVA)
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO)
Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (JELA)
Jewel Cave National Monument (JECA)
Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO)
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (HOFU)
Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (HOFR)
Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR)
National Capital Parks (NACA)
Homestead National Historical Park (HOME)
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI)
Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS)
Tonto National Monument (TONT)
Prince William Forest Park (PRWI)
North Cascades National Park (NOCA)
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE)
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM)
Mississippi National River and Recreation Areas (MISS)
Stones River National Battlefield (STRI)
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area (LARO)
Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO)
Pipestone National Monument (PIPE)
Manassas National Battlefield Park (MANA)
National Mall and Memorial Parks (NAMA)
Valles Caldera National Preserve (VALL)
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument (KAWW)
Yellowstone National Park (YELL)
Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR)
Wind Cave National Park (WICA)
Wupatki National Monument (WUPA)
Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (WICR)
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK)
Whitman Mission National Historic Site (WHMI)
Voyageurs National Park (VOYA)
Yosemite National Park (YOSE)
Yucca House National Monument (YUHO)
Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WHIS)
White Sands National Park (WHSA)
Zion National Park (ZION)
