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Scientific Name
Molothrus ater
Scientific Name w/ Auth.
Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)
Park
Canyonlands National Park (CANY)
Sensitive
No
Park Accepted
Accepted
Record Status
Approved
Park Preferred Common Names
Brown-headed Cowbird
Park Synonyms
Taxonomic Hierarchy
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Subkingdom | Bilateria |
| Infrakingdom | Deuterostomia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Infraphylum | Gnathostomata |
| Superclass | Tetrapoda |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Icteridae |
| Genus | Molothrus |
| Species | Molothrus ater |
Occurrence
Present
Occurrence Notes
The Southeast Utah Group riparian birds database lists a total of 83 sightings of this species from all three CANY monitoring sites over the period from 1993-2005.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Nativeness
Native
Nativeness Notes
Data Source: Sibley 2000, Bibkey #388608
Abundance
Common
Abundance Notes
Fagan defines this as a ‘Fairly Common’ species: usually present in moderate numbers.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Seasonality Tags
-
Breeder
per Fagan, this species is a Summer Resident: species observed in region generally in breeding season only; may or may not breed in the area. He also notes that there is a documented breeding record for the park. The Southeast Utah Group riparian birds database holds 3 breeding observations (1 direct, 2 indirect forms of evidence) for this species from two of three CANY monitoring sites over the period from 1993-2005.; Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
Threatened Endangered Status
State Species of Concern statuses
Ozone Sensitive Status
NatureServe GRank
NatureServe SRank
Observations
0
References
Vouchers
0
External Links
0
Evidence counts shown include evidence for related synonyms.
Created By
eln/NCPN I&M
Created Date
7/31/2000 12:00:00 AM
Last Modified By
eln/NCPN I&M
Last Modified Date
5/15/2006 12:00:00 AM
Notes
Park Species Data Source: Fagan 1995, Bibkey #617662
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Agate Fossil Beds National Monument (AGFO)
Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL)
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO)
Amistad National Recreation Area (AMIS)
Anacostia Park (ANAC)
Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI)
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (APCO)
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS)
Arches National Park (ARCH)
Arkansas Post National Memorial (ARPO)
Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS)
Aztec Ruins National Monument (AZRU)
Badlands National Park (BADL)
Bandelier National Monument (BAND)
Baltimore-Washington National Parkway (BAWA)
Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL)
Big Bend National Park (BIBE)
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA)
Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY)
Big Hole National Battlefield (BIHO)
Biscayne National Park (BISC)
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO)
Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH)
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA)
Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BOHA)
Bluestone National Scenic River (BLUE)
Crater Lake National Park (CRLA)
Blue Ridge Parkway (BLRI)
Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO)
Colorado National Monument (COLM)
Congaree National Park (CONG)
Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS)
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE)
Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA)
Devils Tower National Monument (DETO)
Coronado National Memorial (CORO)
Buffalo National River (BUFF)
Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR)
Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO)
Booker T. Washington National Monument (BOWA)
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO)
Cowpens National Battlefield (COWP)
Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO)
Castillo De San Marcos National Monument (CASA)
Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA)
Channel Islands National Park (CHIS)
Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE)
El Morro National Monument (ELMO)
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA)
Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH)
Canaveral National Seashore (CANA)
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT)
Cabrillo National Monument (CABR)
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA)
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (CARL)
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR)
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (CHCH)
Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (CUGA)
Eisenhower National Historic Site (EISE)
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CHCU)
Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA)
Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO)
Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO)
Capitol Reef National Park (CARE)
El Malpais National Monument (ELMA)
Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO)
City Of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO)
Canyon De Chelly National Monument (CACH)
Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO)
Death Valley National Park (DEVA)
Dinosaur National Monument (DINO)
Lassen Volcanic National Park (LAVO)
Fort Sumter National Historical Park (FOSU)
Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (HAFO)
Glacier National Park (GLAC)
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO)
Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR)
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens (KEAQ)
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL)
Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ)
Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU)
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park (MABI)
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO)
Mount Rainier National Park (MORA)
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO)
Lava Beds National Monument (LABE)
Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA)
Great Falls Park (GRFA)
Grand Teton National Park (GRTE)
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (HOCU)
Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA)
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO)
Gettysburg National Military Park (GETT)
Gauley River National Recreation Area (GARI)
Johnstown Flood National Memorial (JOFL)
Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO)
Isle Royale National Park (ISRO)
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE)
Fort Necessity National Battlefield (FONE)
Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (ELRO)
Everglades National Park (EVER)
Indiana Dunes National Park (INDU)
Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP)
Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE)
Fossil Butte National Monument (FOBU)
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE)
Greenbelt Park (GREE)
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (GUCO)
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (KLGO)
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (GRKO)
Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (EUON)
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument (LIBI)
Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE)
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA)
Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE)
Great Basin National Park (GRBA)
Moores Creek National Battlefield (MOCR)
Little River Canyon National Preserve (LIRI)
Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR)
Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Memorial (FRDE)
Grand Portage National Monument (GRPO)
Fort Union National Monument (FOUN)
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR)
Minute Man National Historical Park (MIMA)
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (FRDO)
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (HUTR)
George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA)
George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP)
Friendship Hill National Historic Site (FRHI)
Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS)
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park (FRSP)
Fort Washington Park (FOWA)
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GRSA)
Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GOGA)
Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR)
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO)
Mojave National Preserve (MOJA)
Fort Circle Parks (FOCI)
Fort Davis National Historic Site (FODA)
Harmony Hall (HAHA)
Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA)
Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA)
Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI)
Hot Springs National Park (HOSP)
Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO)
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA)
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (MAVA)
Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (JELA)
Jewel Cave National Monument (JECA)
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (HOFU)
Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (HOFR)
Fort Donelson National Battlefield (FODO)
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA)
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (GEWA)
Homestead National Historical Park (HOME)
Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS)
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA)
Fort Caroline National Memorial (FOCA)
Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS)
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM)
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (FOUS)
Mississippi National River and Recreation Areas (MISS)
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area (LARO)
Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO)
Manassas National Battlefield Park (MANA)
First State National Historical Park (FRST)
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument (KAWW)
Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial (THIS)
Olympic National Park (OLYM)
Yellowstone National Park (YELL)
Saguaro National Park (SAGU)
New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (NERI)
National Capital Parks-East (NACE)
Shenandoah National Park (SHEN)
Obed Wild and Scenic River (OBRI)
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site (VAMA)
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Run (OXHI)
Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR)
Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (SAHI)
Parashant National Monument (PARA)
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Pinnacles National Park (PINN)
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Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park (PAAL)
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Wupatki National Monument (WUPA)
Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (WICR)
Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU)
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK)
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Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO)
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)
Presidio of San Francisco (PRSF)
Pecos National Historical Park (PECO)
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR)
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SAMO)
Suitland Parkway (SUIT)
Tumacacori National Historical Park (TUMA)
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument (SUCR)
Sitka National Historical Park (SITK)
Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE)
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)
Valley Forge National Historical Park (VAFO)
Petersburg National Battlefield (PETE)
San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH)
Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL)
Shiloh National Military Park (SHIL)
Whitman Mission National Historic Site (WHMI)
Piscataway Park (PISC)
Rock Creek Park (ROCR)
Ninety Six National Historic Site (NISI)
Thomas Stone National Historic Site (THST)
Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS)
Niobrara National Scenic River (NIOB)
Russell Cave National Monument (RUCA)
Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI)
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU)
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR)
Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI)
Pipe Spring National Monument (PISP)
Redwood National Park (REDW)
Petroglyph National Monument (PETR)
Voyageurs National Park (VOYA)
Richmond National Battlefield Park (RICH)
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (SAAN)
Yosemite National Park (YOSE)
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR)
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO)
Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO)
Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR)
National Capital Parks (NACA)
Yucca House National Monument (YUHO)
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI)
Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WHIS)
White Sands National Park (WHSA)
Zion National Park (ZION)
Tonto National Monument (TONT)
Prince William Forest Park (PRWI)
North Cascades National Park (NOCA)
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE)
Stones River National Battlefield (STRI)
Pipestone National Monument (PIPE)
National Mall and Memorial Parks (NAMA)
Valles Caldera National Preserve (VALL)
Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK)
Acadia National Park (ACAD)
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument (AGFO)
Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL)
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO)
Amistad National Recreation Area (AMIS)
Anacostia Park (ANAC)
Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI)
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (APCO)
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS)
Arches National Park (ARCH)
Arkansas Post National Memorial (ARPO)
Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS)
Aztec Ruins National Monument (AZRU)
Badlands National Park (BADL)
Bandelier National Monument (BAND)
Baltimore-Washington National Parkway (BAWA)
Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL)
Big Bend National Park (BIBE)
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA)
Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY)
Big Hole National Battlefield (BIHO)
Biscayne National Park (BISC)
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO)
Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH)
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA)
Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BOHA)
Bluestone National Scenic River (BLUE)
Crater Lake National Park (CRLA)
Blue Ridge Parkway (BLRI)
Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO)
Colorado National Monument (COLM)
Congaree National Park (CONG)
Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS)
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE)
Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA)
Devils Tower National Monument (DETO)
Coronado National Memorial (CORO)
Buffalo National River (BUFF)
Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR)
Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO)
Booker T. Washington National Monument (BOWA)
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO)
Cowpens National Battlefield (COWP)
Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO)
Castillo De San Marcos National Monument (CASA)
Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA)
Channel Islands National Park (CHIS)
Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE)
El Morro National Monument (ELMO)
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA)
Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH)
Canaveral National Seashore (CANA)
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT)
Cabrillo National Monument (CABR)
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA)
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (CARL)
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR)
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (CHCH)
Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (CUGA)
Eisenhower National Historic Site (EISE)
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CHCU)
Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA)
Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO)
Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO)
Capitol Reef National Park (CARE)
El Malpais National Monument (ELMA)
Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO)
City Of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO)
Canyon De Chelly National Monument (CACH)
Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO)
Death Valley National Park (DEVA)
Dinosaur National Monument (DINO)
Lassen Volcanic National Park (LAVO)
Fort Sumter National Historical Park (FOSU)
Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (HAFO)
Glacier National Park (GLAC)
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO)
Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR)
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens (KEAQ)
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL)
Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ)
Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU)
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park (MABI)
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO)
Mount Rainier National Park (MORA)
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO)
Lava Beds National Monument (LABE)
Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA)
Great Falls Park (GRFA)
Grand Teton National Park (GRTE)
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (HOCU)
Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA)
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO)
Gettysburg National Military Park (GETT)
Gauley River National Recreation Area (GARI)
Johnstown Flood National Memorial (JOFL)
Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO)
Isle Royale National Park (ISRO)
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE)
Fort Necessity National Battlefield (FONE)
Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (ELRO)
Everglades National Park (EVER)
Indiana Dunes National Park (INDU)
Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP)
Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE)
Fossil Butte National Monument (FOBU)
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE)
Greenbelt Park (GREE)
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (GUCO)
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (KLGO)
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (GRKO)
Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (EUON)
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument (LIBI)
Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE)
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA)
Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE)
Great Basin National Park (GRBA)
Moores Creek National Battlefield (MOCR)
Little River Canyon National Preserve (LIRI)
Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR)
Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Memorial (FRDE)
Grand Portage National Monument (GRPO)
Fort Union National Monument (FOUN)
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR)
Minute Man National Historical Park (MIMA)
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (FRDO)
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (HUTR)
George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA)
George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP)
Friendship Hill National Historic Site (FRHI)
Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS)
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park (FRSP)
Fort Washington Park (FOWA)
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GRSA)
Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GOGA)
Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR)
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO)
Mojave National Preserve (MOJA)
Fort Circle Parks (FOCI)
Fort Davis National Historic Site (FODA)
Harmony Hall (HAHA)
Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA)
Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA)
Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI)
Hot Springs National Park (HOSP)
Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO)
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA)
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (MAVA)
Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (JELA)
Jewel Cave National Monument (JECA)
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (HOFU)
Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (HOFR)
Fort Donelson National Battlefield (FODO)
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA)
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (GEWA)
Homestead National Historical Park (HOME)
Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS)
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA)
Fort Caroline National Memorial (FOCA)
Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS)
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM)
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (FOUS)
Mississippi National River and Recreation Areas (MISS)
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area (LARO)
Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO)
Manassas National Battlefield Park (MANA)
First State National Historical Park (FRST)
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument (KAWW)
Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial (THIS)
Olympic National Park (OLYM)
Yellowstone National Park (YELL)
Saguaro National Park (SAGU)
New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (NERI)
National Capital Parks-East (NACE)
Shenandoah National Park (SHEN)
Obed Wild and Scenic River (OBRI)
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site (VAMA)
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Run (OXHI)
Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR)
Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (SAHI)
Parashant National Monument (PARA)
Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park (SAGA)
Pinnacles National Park (PINN)
Oxon Run National Parkway (OXRU)
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO)
Wind Cave National Park (WICA)
Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park (PAAL)
Navajo National Monument (NAVA)
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU)
Wupatki National Monument (WUPA)
Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (WICR)
Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU)
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK)
Nez Perce National Historical Park (NEPE)
Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument (SAPU)
Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO)
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)
Presidio of San Francisco (PRSF)
Pecos National Historical Park (PECO)
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR)
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SAMO)
Suitland Parkway (SUIT)
Tumacacori National Historical Park (TUMA)
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument (SUCR)
Sitka National Historical Park (SITK)
Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE)
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)
Valley Forge National Historical Park (VAFO)
Petersburg National Battlefield (PETE)
San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH)
Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL)
Shiloh National Military Park (SHIL)
Whitman Mission National Historic Site (WHMI)
Piscataway Park (PISC)
Rock Creek Park (ROCR)
Ninety Six National Historic Site (NISI)
Thomas Stone National Historic Site (THST)
Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS)
Niobrara National Scenic River (NIOB)
Russell Cave National Monument (RUCA)
Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI)
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU)
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR)
Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI)
Pipe Spring National Monument (PISP)
Redwood National Park (REDW)
Petroglyph National Monument (PETR)
Voyageurs National Park (VOYA)
Richmond National Battlefield Park (RICH)
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (SAAN)
Yosemite National Park (YOSE)
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR)
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO)
Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO)
Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR)
National Capital Parks (NACA)
Yucca House National Monument (YUHO)
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI)
Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WHIS)
White Sands National Park (WHSA)
Zion National Park (ZION)
Tonto National Monument (TONT)
Prince William Forest Park (PRWI)
North Cascades National Park (NOCA)
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE)
Stones River National Battlefield (STRI)
Pipestone National Monument (PIPE)
National Mall and Memorial Parks (NAMA)
Valles Caldera National Preserve (VALL)
Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK)
