NPSpecies

Data Source: Gleason & Cronquist, 1991 Legacy NPSpecies information may no longer be applicable, please remove if it is not applicable. In legacy NPSpecies Weedy value was Yes with comment: see comments In legacy NPSpecies Pest value was Yes with comment: see comments

see comments; Data Source: Gounaris, 2000

Park Species Detail: Hobson, 1998: "Threats to the quality of the site for rare plants arise from the invasive alien plant species,. . . and common reed (Phragmites australis) which is established in several sizeable colonies in freshwater marshes in the upper reaches of the pond and may displace native species." . . . may be decisively controlled using manual removal techniques and/or direct application of select herbicides./ Gounaris, 2000: (p. 24) Highly invasive, covering a relatively high percentage of the park. It is unrealistic to expect complete eradication of these species. Areas of critical habitats should be kept free of invasive exotics. (see reference for further discussion.) Yorktown: One large population was found lining the northwest tributary of Wormley pond. A much smaller population was found at the southern end of Yorktown Creek Jamestown: Ten populations of varying size and density were found distributed throughout the Jamestown wetlands Colonial Parkway: Three extensive populations were found (Mill Creek, College Creek and adjacent to Naval Weapons Station) along with several small populations, within ~50 acres of parkway corridor Ringfield: One small population was found lining a creek Tributary Neck orLand: Four small populations and one larger population were found in the non-forested wetlands west of the forested area. Several of these populations located within the Neck-O-Land Natural Heritage Area /Hamilton, 2005: In Gounaris, 2000, page 1, common reed is characterized as highly invasive with low coverage throughout the park which should be top priority for eradication/Erdle, 2002: Common reed occurs in Back River Marsh and on Jamestown Island across Back River from the marsh, posing a serious threat to sensitive joint-vetch [a federally listed as threatened species]. The Park has targeted common reed for control, and funds have been allocated. A long-term management and monitoring plan/program for common reed has been approved and control/mitigation implemented in October 2002., Park Species Data Source: Hobson, 1998-Yorktown Unit/ Cheatham and Wormley Pond Drainages;Gounaris, 2000 -Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit;Chazal, 2001-Jamestown Unit /Jamestown Island;Clark, 1998-Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit;Erdle, 2002-Jamestown Unit/Jamestown Island;