NPSpecies

Data Source: Gleason & Cronquist, 1991 Legacy NPSpecies information may no longer be applicable, please remove if it is not applicable. In legacy NPSpecies Weedy value was Yes with comment: according to reference NPBIB-132232 In legacy NPSpecies Pest value was Yes with comment: see comments

Data Source: Gounaris, 2000

Park Species Detail: Ingram, 1998: Uncommon; edge of mown field./Gounaris, 2000: Highly invasive, covering a relatively high percentage of the park. It is unrealistic to expect complete eradication of these species. Areas of critical habitats should be kept free of invasive exotics. (see reference for further discussion.) Yorktown: Greater than ten populations were found in open or disturbed forest habitat. The majority of the populations were large and consisted of many large individuals or densely distributed saplings. It was found in 1 field and in ~5 acres of roadside Jamestown: Seven populations were found in open forest habitat. Several of the populations were large and consisted of many large individuals or densely distributed saplings. Individuals were also found in ~ 1 acre of roadside Green Spring: Two small populations were found in <1 acre of roadside Colonial Parkway: Found in many populations of variable size and density throughout ~96 acres of the parkway corridor. Populations were densely concentrated around the Williamsburg entrance ramp Neck orLand: Small populations were found in a forest opening and adjacent to old route 31 Ringfield: One small population was found ad,iacent to old tour road., Park Species Data Source: Hobson, 1998-Yorktown Unit/ Cheatham and Wormley Pond Drainages;Loetterle, 1970-Jamestown Unit /Jamestown Island;Ingram, 1998-Jamestown Unit/Green Spring ;Salle,1972-Colonial Parkway;Gounaris, 2000 -Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit;Clark, 1998-Colonial Parkway/Jamestown Unit/Yorktown Unit; VanAlstine, 2004-Entire Park